FRACTURES

Fractures/ Broken Bones

                 A fracture or broken bone is the breakdown of bone continuity and determined according to the type and extent of any cracks or fractures or bone is intact.
                 A fracture is a problem these days is very much public attention, the current flows back and forth and back this year the feast of Eid many traffic accidents are very much a part his victims suffered a fracture. There are many unexpected natural events that cause a lot of fractures. Often for improper handling of these fractures may be due to a lack of information available there is an example that is fractured, but because of lack of information to deal masseges He went to the shaman, perhaps because the symptoms are similar to those of sprains.
Type of fracture

1. Complete fracture (complete fractures), fractures in the bones around the midline, broad and transverse. Usually accompanied by the displacement position of the bones.
2. Closed fracture (simple fracture), does not cause tearing of the skin, skin integrity is still intact.
3. open fracture (compound frakture / complicated / complex), a fracture with a wound in the skin (skin integrity is damaged and the bones protruding through the skin) or mucous membrane to the fracture. Open fracture was greded into:
4. Grade 1: clean the wound with a length of less than 1 cm.
5. Grade 2: the wider the wound without extensive soft tissue damage.
6. Grade 3: highly contaminated, and extensive soft tissue damage.
7. Greenstick, fracture where one side of the broken bone is the other side bends.
8. Transversely along the midline of the bone fracture.
9. Oblique, fractures from an angle with the center line of the bone.
10. Spiral, twisting around the shaft of bone fractures.
11. Komunitif, fractures with bone broken into several fragments.
12. Depression, fractures with a fracture frakmen pushed into the (often occurs in the skull and facial bones).
13. Compression, compression fracture where the bone (occurs in the spine).
14. Pathological, fractures that occur in areas of diseased bone (bone cyst, Paget, bone metastasis,tumor).
15. Avulsion, attraction of bone fragments by a ligament or tendon on will stick.
16. Epifisial, fracture through the epiphysis.
17. Impaction, fracture where the bone fragments driven into another bone fragment.

Handling 

Open fracture prevention:
1. Treat as a gravity.
2. Initial evaluation and diagnosis of abnormalites that might be cause of death.
3. Give antibiotics in the emergency room, operating room and after surgery.
4. Immediately do a good debridement and irrigation.
5. Repeat debridement the next 24-72 hours.
6. Fracture stabilization.
7. Leave the wound open between 5-7 days.
8. Autogenous bone graft as soon as possible to do.
9. Rehabilitation of the affected limb.

Open fracture treatment stages:
1. Cleaning wounds.
2. Excision of dead tissue and presumed dead.
3. treat of fractures and determining the type of traction.
4. Skin closure.
5. Administration of antibiotics.
6. Prevention of tetanus.

Further treatment and rehabilitation of open fractures:
1. Eliminate pain.
2. Obtain and maintain adequate position and flagmen fracture.
3. Commercialize the union.
4. Restore optimal function to maintain muscle and joint function and prevention of complications.
5. Restore maximum function with physiotherapy.